A great way to end the year.

As we bowed in to start the last formal training session of 2019, imagine my surprise when my sensei formally announces that he has been given the authority by Threadgill sensei to award me with a Shoden Teaching License. I feel privileged and humbled. Currently, to my knowledge, there are 61 Shoden licensed teachers worldwide and I would make the 62nd. By being bestowed with the license to teach I take on the responsibility of passing on my knowledge and ensuring the survival of the ryuha. That is not a small thing. 

I also got the opportunity to borrow a copy of Shindo Yoshin Ryu - History and Technique to read over the summer break. It is written by Tobin Threadgill and Shingo Ohgami. What a beautifully put-together book!  The content within its pages is amazing and I highly recommend any member of the Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin Kai to read it. In fact, anyone with an interest in koryu bujutsu should read it. 

All in all that was a great Saturday and rounded off quite a mixed year for me. I started the year having 10 weeks off training due to an ongoing injury that wouldn't heal. When I returned to training it was sporadic as my daughter's soccer season was beginning and this meant more time away from training. Fortunately, the latter part of the year allowed me to get back into my training and I enjoyed a fantastic seminar with Marco Pinto sensei at the beginning of November. I have certainly felt like my own practice has really improved recently and I am feeling 'sharp'. To be able to come from no training at the start of the year, to then make great gains in my training by the end of the year, feels like a great accomplishment. 

Wishing you all a great Christmas and a Happy New Year!

Train safe everyone!

Assassins!

So I recently finished playing a game of assassins at my workplace. If you don't know what this game is then check this link here.Staff are given the option to opt out before the game begins, otherwise it is assumed you are playing. You arrive on a Monday morning with a note telling you who your 'mark' is. Along with one clothes peg. This is your weapon. Should you succeed in getting this peg on your mark, they are out of the game and must tell you who they are hunting down, this continues until the end of the week. At that point prizes are given for those still 'alive' and those with the most 'kills'.

I didn't play last year as I helped plan the game so this year was my debut. I am happy to say I survived until the last day and got into the final four alive. Unfortunately, I let my guard down in the last fifteen minutes of the game to be taken out. 

Four kills!

Why am I writing about this on my budo blog? Well, interesting thing. In the past I have suffered from anxiety and anger management problems. Due to the paranoia the game creates, my colleague asked how my anxiety was going while the game was running. I had nothing! I was wired, excited and loving every minute!  So why wasn't I feeling the panic and paranoia that some of the others were?

I have had counselling for both anger issues and anxiety and what I have discovered is that I have a reactive personality. So I respond to perceived threats quickly. Now, in the everyday life of work and family these threats are really just perceived. Not actual life threatening situations. They are also over a long period of time (chronic) and my physiology is trying to respond to these threats and anxiety is often the result. While the game was running, the threats were real. I had to watch my back or I would get 'pegged'. I also had to be vigilant and scheme to get my targets. I had to take moments when I saw vulnerability and commit fully in that moment. Three out of my four 'kills' involved acting in a moment of my target's weakness. Opportunistic almost. All my normal nervous energy was given purpose. I had never felt so stable and mentally sharp. My colleague (the one that asked about my anxiety) made an observation. She said that there must obviously be a genetic component to anxiety, depression etc. and that it must have been useful to have this 'reactivity' (let's call it that) in times of war and disaster. The problem is when the real threats go away generations later, those born with this reactivity don't function well in peaceful times. She knows of one family that has had both sons of that family attempt suicide, one succeeded and the other one did just enough damage (hanging) to starve his brain of oxygen and he now needs full care to get by. This is an example of it being 'in the family'.

But here is the kicker. All of a sudden her observation made me feel normal. I want you to understand what that means. I hated myself for when I had anger management problems. I was confused as to why I would have anxiety attacks over things when under chronic stress. Now, this make more sense. I could forgive myself a little. For that week of assassins, I was totally in my element!  I enjoyed the hyper vigilance and the fact every action during the day mattered. All my energy was being channelled into purposeful behaviour and I felt great!

Two things I can take away from the game that relate to budo. 

1. The predator mindset was invaluable to being successful in this game. The constant pressing of your target until they made a mistake was very important. 

2. The reason I choose to practice budo other than other physical pursuits is because it gives me a small experience of consequences really mattering. Move wrong and you could get hit in the head with a bokken. Lose focus and you can stab yourself with your habikito. My physiology needs this to function at a normal level or weird things happen (like anxiety attacks). 

Keep training!

TSYR Australasia unites!

Marco Pinto sensei has arrived in New Zealand for a weekend seminar on the 1st November 2019. On Friday night we had jiyu keiko (free training) for a couple of hours. Hamilton deshi as well as two early visitors from Auckland were able to make it. Eight people were given advice from Pinto sensei on kata from empty hand through to battojutsu and kumitachi. It was an atmosphere of study and focus as bokken and habikito were being used next to people being joint locked or thrown.

Pinto sensei in action.

On Saturday we had representatives of the entire Australasian TSYR membership attending. Sixteen people in total including four deshi from Australia. This is the first time these people have been on the same mat together since Robbie Smith sensei passed away many years ago. We spent the morning session working on the te hodoki with variations and tips. The afternoon session was focused on the haru set of the kumitachi. Pinto sensei emphasised uchitachi responding correctly to the techniques to allow counter attacks if needs be and to keep safe during practice.

That night we went out for dinner and there was plenty of conversation and laughter. One Auckland member and an Australian bunked down at my house as the Hamilton group spread the visitors amongst their homes. This allowed for more discussion that evening and morning over breakfast. As all the Australians were members of the Armed Forces, my visitor had interesting work stories. 

Sunday morning was all about the kuzushi no kata. Unfortunately I couldn't attend the Sunday afternoon session but some batto and disarms were covered as far as I am aware. 

When I got home my muscles felt like they had been stretched and were aching. It was good to push myself and work with many great people. The aching was not muscle soreness but more a feeling of being overstretched and the next day my body felt fine. I honestly believe the aching of the day before was a reaction from my nervous system from taking ukemi from Pinto sensei and having to respond rapidly to his movements. 

Pinto sensei was amazing. He moves with such speed and power that at times when I was receiving technique from him I felt like my brain was rattling around in my skull. In one technique he lifted both my feet off the ground - twice!  He said to those watching that one can simply step out of the technique when receiving it. I argue that to step out of the technique, you actually have to have at least one foot on the ground!

TSYR seminar attendees.

The vibe on the mat was fantastic. Everyone was working hard and very demanding of themselves. It was an excellent experience.

47 Ronin: Book Review.

The tale of the 47 ronin (Ako Incident) is immortalised in kabuki theatre. It has been told and retold since 1748 and is popular for its theme concerning samurai loyalty. I would classify John Allyn's 47 Ronin as historical fiction. It is historical fact that around 1701, a samurai called Asano Naganori attacked the Shogun's Master of Ceremony, Kira Kozukenosuke Yoshinaka inside the Shogun's palace. He was asked on the very same day to commit ritual suicide. It is also historical fact that 47 of Asano's samurai raided Kira's mansion about a year and a half later to avenge their lord's death. What John Allyn does is fill in the gaps and makes some assumptions to bring the characters to life. Therefore I see this as historical fiction. 

This story is very well known and popular in Japan. John Allyn is an author from the United States who has lived in Japan and has placed his own take on the historical event. Overall I thought he gave the story a good shot. I think having some knowledge of feudal Japan would help the reader as the author does not give very much information on this front. It actually feels like Allyn assumes the reader knows the guts of the story and therefore concentrates on the lives of Asano's retainers during the period after their lord's death and prior to their attack on Kira's estate. I found the chief retainer believable as he tried to keep the band of ex-samurai together, balancing the hotheads from those who were willing to step away from the whole mess. It is a book that is written plainly but not unlike the style of Eiji Yoshikawa's Musashi. Where the writer does not spend very long on characterisation. There is an intriguing quality to this style of writing and I still felt pulled along by the story even though I knew the outcome. The story also portray's Kira as the bad guy and Asano as the noble country samurai. This is the 'official' view of the characters according the kabuki play. The historical figures may in fact be something quite different. 

If you know the story of the 47 ronin then this English version might be an interesting take on the old Japanese tale. 

Oh, by the way, the movie starring Keanu Reeves is NOTHING like the actual tale. So if that is your only reference then prepare to get an education. 

Whole curriculum in two hours!

My instructor is away on holiday. So training always falls to those of us left behind. 

One of my fellow deshi lives in Cambridge which is only 15 minutes away from my house. I asked him to come out and train at my dojo for the weekly Saturday training session. We decided that we would attempt to work through the entire shoden curriculum (60 Omote Kata, 24 Goshinjutsu Waza) in the two hours we had available. 

Vigorous training!

We decided to do just one kata each before moving on to the next. The challenge was to remember the kata and not to be too concerned with the quality (although we would do our best on the one take). I have done this before with another training partner and it gives an insight into what is actually memorised and what needs more work. 

Very early on we were making good time and we actually got through all shoden kata including Tachiai Te Hodoki, Idori Te Hodoki and Tachiai Tedori Kuzushi. We also covered all weapons kata such as kumitano and kumitachi. The only kata we decided to leave out was batto as we do these often and don't need a training partner for these movements. 

We bowed off with 10 minutes to spare. 

It is now the next day and my body is stiff from the practice. This is good. It feels like I have ironed out some kinks. I don't recommend this kind of practice very often. This is about the third time in eight years I have done this. Training in this manner does not endorse quality of movement. It is merely a 'check in' to see what we can remember and what our bodies can put up with. It really is a full body work out!

Happy training out there!

Influences, scholars and good reads.

As time has gone by I have been contacted occasionally by those of you who actually read this blog. I can not take all the credit for some of the ideas I write about. A lot of what I write about is my own experiences in budo. However, some of my posts are also inspired by something I have read. This post is about those influential authors and I hope some of you will delve deeper into what these people have to offer.
Disclaimer: Many of the profiles written below have come from Koryu.com.

Ellis Amdur

Ellis Amdur

I have all three of Ellis' books on the martial arts. I really enjoy his writing style and he has a lot of knowledge to share on koryu bujutsu and aikido. 

Ellis began his martial arts training in 1968. He spent 13 years in Japan, and currently holds instructor licenses in Araki-ryu Torite Kogusoku and Toda-ha Buko-ryu naginatajutsu. He teaches these two martial traditions in Seattle. He began aikido training in 1973 with Terry Dobson in New York City, and continued his training in Japan with an number of instructors, most notably Yasunori Kuwamori and Yoshio Kuroiwa. He is the founder of Edgework, which offers training and consultation to law enforcement and social service personnel for the de-escalation and management of the behaviour of emotionally disturbed individuals. He has his own budo website you can view here. Many chapters in his books inspired me to write my own feelings and ideas about my martial arts practice. The first piece of writing I read from Ellis Amdur was called "Hiding in the Shadows of the Warrior." and I discovered it as an article on the Koryu.com website (see below). The experience Ellis was writing about was so raw and honest that I was hooked on his writing from then on. I looked everywhere online for his writings and eventually bought his books. My TSYR instructor and another member of my dojo were in Seattle this year for karate training and met Mr Amdur. They said he was a very interesting guy and had a discussion with him on generating internal power.

Meik and Diane Skoss

It was the website Koryu.com that was my gateway into the world of koryu bujutsu. Living in New Zealand means I live in a remote area of the world so the internet is my main source of quick and free information. I stumbled upon this website while trying to decide if training in a classical Japanese martial art was right for me. In fact, many of the authors I write about in this post are mentioned at Koryu.com and that is the first place I read about them. 

Diane Skoss founded Koryu Books in 1996, and is the creator of Koryu.com. Prior to moving to Tokyo in 1987, she earned a Masters of Library Science and an MA in English. She was Managing Editor of Aiki News/Aikido Journal for six years, beginning in 1990, and was in charge of producing most of the books published by Aiki News between 1990 and 1996. In late 1997, she returned to the U.S. where she and her husband (Meik) run a dojo in New Jersey. Her own training began with Tomiki aikido in 1982 at Indiana University, and she now holds a 4th dan, Jiyushinkai, and 4th dan, JAA. Started training in jukendo (bayonet) and tankendo (short sword) in 1990 under All-Japan Jukendo Federation instructor Wakimoto Yasuharu, hanshi 8th dan; she is currently 5th dan in jukendo and 3rd dan in tankendo. Began training in Shinto Muso-ryu jo under menkyo kaiden Phil Relnick in 1991; she is now menkyo kaiden and also holds Zen Nihon Kendo Renmei jodo 3rd dan, and Jodo Federation of the U.S. 2nd dan. Entered the Toda-ha Buko-ryu under Soke Nitta Suzuyo in 1993, and holds the okuden license. Has also trained in atarashii naginata and judo. She is the editor of Koryu Bujutsu, Sword & Spirit, and Keiko Shokon, the "Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan" series (of which I have the first and hope to buy the other two in the future).

Meik Skoss began training in martial arts in 1966 in Los Angeles. In 1973 he went to Japan to continue his training in aikido. After moving to Tokyo in 1976, Skoss started studying Shinto Muso-ryu jo under Shimizu Takaji, Toda-ha Buko-ryu naginatajutsu with Muto Mitsu, and Tendo-ryu naginatajutsu under Sawada Hanae. It was also at this time that he began to work with Donn F. Draeger and accompanied the master hoplologist on several field trips to Southeast Asia. In 1979 he began his study of Yagyu Shinkage-ryu heiho/kenjutsu and Yagyu Seigo-ryu battojutsu under the 21st generation lineal headmaster, Yagyu Nobuharu Toshimichi. He has also practiced judo, t'ai chi ch'uan, Goju-ryu karatedo and is currently training in jukendo and atarashii naginata. An MS in Physical Education, Skoss holds the ranks of 5th dan Zen Nihon Kendo Renmei jodo, 5th dan jukendo, 4th dan aikido (Aikikai), 3rd dan tankendo, 2nd dan atarashii naginata, the okuden mokuroku and shihan licenses in Toda-ha Buko-ryu, and menkyo in Shinto Muso-ryu jojutsu. Fluent in Japanese, and the owner of a substantial library of martial arts books in both English and Japanese, Skoss is one of several hoplologists continuing the work of Donn F. Draeger. He has travelled throughout Japan visiting various koryu and modern budo dojo and collecting information on the Japanese martial arts. Now resident in New Jersey, he and his wife (Diane) run a dojo there. Meik is quite active on certain facebook groups and online forums concerning koryu bujutsu. 

Stanley Pranin

Passed away in 2017 leaving behind his legacy: Aikido Journal (formerly Aiki News). Stanley shattered many myths about Aikido and its history while still being a strong promoter of the martial art. As a beginning Aikido student I would read many articles that Stanley put out, including an interview with Takamura sensei. I immersed myself in the information I found on Stanley's website.

Aikido Journal continues under the supervision of Josh Gold.

Wayne Muromoto

I came across Muromoto's writing much later than the other authors. He is the publisher of Furyu: the Budo Journal (appears to be out of print) and Furyu Online (no longer active). He began his martial arts training some twenty-five years ago, and has spent several years studying Urasenke chanoyu (tea ceremony) and various martial arts in Japan. He is a direct student of Ono Yotaro, headmaster of Bitchu-den Takeuchi-ryu and holds the rank of yondan (shihandai or official representative instructor under the old system) as well as the chu-mokuroku in that school. He is also a student of Ohmori Maso in Muso Jikiden Eishin-ryu iaijutsu. Muromoto has experience in a wide variety of martial arts including judo, aikido, karatedo, t'ai chi ch'uan, jodo, and kendo, and holds the rank of sandan from the Zen Nihon Kendo Federation in iaido. What I value the most is Mr Muromoto's writings on his blog, The Classic Budoka. Last count he had 111 posts up there. I still have much to read of his works. 

Dave Lowry

Dave Lowry has been involved in the study of traditional Japanese martial arts and Ways since 1968 and has written about them for more than twenty years. His articles have appeared in magazines in the US, Japan, and the UK, including work as a long-time columnist for Black Belt magazine. I have several of Dave Lowry's books in digital form. My favourite are his two books on his experiences learning Yagyu Shinkage Ryu, Autumn Lightning and Persimmon Wind. He has many others if these don't suit you. 

Threadgill sensei with my own instructor (Photo taken in New Zealand)

Toby Threadgill

Yes, of course my TSYR sensei is on this list.
In 1985 Toby Threadgill initiated training under Takamura Yukiyoshi, headmaster of Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin ryu. In 1992 he founded the Soryushin Dojo and in 1994 was appointed a branch director of the Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin Kai. In 1999, he was one of three people to be awarded a menkyo kaiden in Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin-ryu. Following the passing of Takamura Yukiyoshi in 2000, he was asked by the other TSYR branch directors to accept the position of administrative head (kaicho) of the Takamura-ha Shindo Yoshin Kai. He currently oversees instruction at the Shindo Yoshin Kai Hombu Dojo in Colorado and maintains a busy international teaching schedule.
Threadgill sensei has written the student handbook for the kai and some of his articles can be found online. For more information go here.

These people have been invaluable in giving me access to Japanese ideas and experiences about budo that I would otherwise not get in English. They are the reason myself and so many others can now enjoy koryu bujutsu in the West.

Budo Body Part IV

Yesterday, at training, I had an epiphany. As most of you will be aware, in martial arts you might be told how to do something but do not fully realise what the instructor means until years later. This was one of these moments. In TSYR we are often told to pull with the front leg. This in itself was not enough for me. I realised that what I actually had to do was pull down and forwards with the front leg so my weight sat in the middle of that foot. This creates an angle that wedges down into my opponent. It also creates tone in that ankle. As I am tall and therefore often taller than my training partners I have to bend the knee and ankle joints far more than I thought I needed too. 

Creating a budo body in the TSYR sense requires stacking and coordinating of the joints in such a way to gain the most stability and power at the same time. This is not easy. Learning to adjust ankle, knee and hips joints is a start but then think about all the joints in a spine!  Then the shoulders, elbows and wrists. That is a lot of variables to consider. This is one reason why I think developing subtle internal power takes a long time. Once you have skeletal alignment you still have to adjust muscle tension. Which muscles should be on, which should be relaxed? What we experienced in training yesterday was that the smallest amount of incorrect muscular tension can result in feedback to your opponent and they have something to fight you with. Finally, but by no means the least, is having intent. This mental aspect connects mind to body and is very important. Threadgill sensei mentions this often. 

Even if you manage to get all these things right while standing still, how do you achieve this state while moving? While on your knees?  With a weapon in your hands? It starts to make sense why this discipline is life-long.

Jack's Budo Body.

Usually with one of these "Budo Body" posts I speak about my own anatomy. One thing that has progressed for me is joint mobility and a more stable midsection. My ankles, especially are stronger and more mobile due not only to idori practice but also with the above mentioned, knee bend. What I battle with is joint stability. My joints are naturally flexible, I have been called "Noodle Man" by my fellow deshi a few times. However, this can lead to my joints not holding their position when I need them to. This is most problematic around my midsection. The transmission of power from lower body to upper body must come through the midsection. If this is soft and yielding then the power is lost. I have had to work hard to develop a strong core/hara. This is different to having strong abdominal muscles. I came from an aikido background where I had at one point routinely done 100 sit ups in one session. The muscles I talk about here are deep ones, around the spine and pelvic bowl. These ones required conditioning. As I was not naturally stiff through the middle I had to train that area and now as I take a position on the mat I turn this area 'on'. When I hold a sword this area is 'on'. I guess this is what is traditionally called the hara or tanden. When this area is engaged, a slight movement in the legs will turn the upper body without muscular tension from the arms or shoulders. As the power is coming from "below", the opponent does not feel how or why they are being moved and taken off-balance. 

Once my structure is set I can try different things. Imaginary lines can be traced vertically down the body, horizontally across joints and even on diagonals. I am just beginning to manipulate and use these planes/lines of movement.

Keep training!

Training is picking up!

I have to say that since beginning TSYR, this is the first year I have really dropped back on my training hours. I had a soft tissue injury that required some rest for 10 weeks around January and February, then my daughter's winter sports kept be away from the dojo through the middle of the year. However, I can safely say that things are looking up. 

The spring training session I had with the Hamilton deshi was the first Saturday I was freed up from winter sports. Then I got to my week night session as well.

I have just spent another busy Saturday training. I went to the scheduled Saturday training session at the Hamilton dojo then one of the deshi who lives in Auckland came out to my place in the afternoon for extra training. It was great to get my body "training warm". You know, that loose, warm feeling where all your muscles are well used from constant force and movement.  I am tired today but in a good way. 

We covered five of the idori te hodoki, then the set involving the two-hand grab from standing and later, knife disarms. 

We had good numbers too. With the Auckland guy down for the day, we had seven on the mat. 

Its good to be back in the training flow!

Spring Training

For the second year running, I invited members of the Hamilton TSYR dojo out to Te Miro for two hours of training on a Saturday morning. With the trees in full bloom and native bird chorus around us it is an opportunity to train in idyllic surroundings.

The Hamilton Dojo TSYR Deshi.

Chris lead us through idori te hodoki, the three kata of the uchite set and finished with nage waza. The sprung floor and judo tatami provide a good surface for this sort of training. It is only a twelve mat space, however, so we had to be aware of where everyone was moving and standing to avoid collisions.

There is not much to say about the session so I will let the pictures tell the story.

A Japanese Garden

I find some of my latest posts moving away from budo as I explore some other aspects of Japanese culture. My latest project is building a Japanese garden opposite the entrance to my dojo on my property. I have played around with designing a garden like this before but without much success. This time, I made sure to read more and really define the space I will be using. I have been inspired by the gardens I did see while overseas and the local nurseries and landscape places have also given me ideas. Finally, I am at a stage in my life where I have the time and money to put something together I can be proud of. 

I first had to decide on the type of Japanese garden I was going to make. This was largely decided by the space I was using. I had cleared an area that approached the door to our house but can be viewed from the entrance of my dojo. It is not a big space, a narrow shape of about 4-5 square meters with a tall fence backing it. I wanted a pleasant view from the dojo door but the garden had to appeal to someone walking alongside the garden entering my home. 

There appears to be four or five styles to consider (depending on what book you read). Pond gardens (also called hill and pond) have a body of water as their main feature. I had already decided that the area I was using would not have water, so this style was out. Dry gardens use rocks, moss, pebbles and sand to create miniature landscapes. I could certainly use elements from this style. Tea gardens create an atmosphere of seclusion and often have paths, lanterns and water basins through them. My space was not large enough for this style. Stroll gardens incorporate many aspects of other styles and encourage the visitor to move along paths gaining different scenes from alternative angles. They usually require a large space, no good for me but some of the ideas could be used. Finally, the courtyard garden style is simple and designed to fit into a small space. This was a good option for me.

Starting to put garden elements into the space. 

After some consideration I decided to base my style mainly on courtyard gardens as they do bring in elements from other styles and I like the simple design used. I decided upon using large rocks, an existing miniature Japanese Maple, a non-invasive, clumping bamboo called Bambusa, a type of hardy moss called Schleranthus biflorus and some other plants that would allow for ground cover and splashes of colour all year round. Finally, to really make the features 'pop', I used white and pale blue river stones in the empty spaces.

White and blue stones showcase this large rock that is skirted by moss.

To make this garden easier to maintain, I placed rich compost down and covered this with weed-mat. This was my blank canvas. I took my time placing stones and adjusting them until I was happy with the views from my key viewing spots (the dojo and the path alongside it). Then I cut holes in the weed mat and 'planted' the rocks by slightly burying them to hold them in place. Large rocks represent mountain elements of a miniature landscape so I had to keep this in mind as I chose my rock shape and position. In the picture above Schleranthus became the forest around the mountain and the white and blue stones symbolise the water around this mountain island. Larger grey river stones frame the whole garden, providing contrast and keeping the smaller white stones in place.

Other plants included a type of Azalea called Mardi Gras that produces red flowers edged with white and displays from autumn to spring. This means when the Maple drops its leaves and loses colour, the Azalea brings the garden alive again with its flowers. For ground cover, I introduced Ceanothus 'Diamond Heights'. This plant has green and gold leaves that displays pale blue flowers in spring. As the Azalea forms a small bush that grows to about 40 cm in height, I planted it towards the 'background' of the garden with the Ceanothus to the foreground. Finally, I planted an Acacia cognata 'Limelight' as a feature plant. It grows 0.8 m by 0.8 m and has delicate lime green weeping foliage.

The young Azalea surrounded by the white and blue stone.

As the garden is on the Southern (and therefore shady) side of the house all the plants prefer part shade or full shade except the Acacia. This plant I placed furthermost from the shadow of the house in a hope it gets the full sun it needs. 

With six 20kg bags of stone down, the garden is taking shape. 

I tried to create symmetry in the space but at the same time follow the rule of odd numbers that are found in Japanese gardens. So I have standing stones at either end of the garden. A lone stone near the house and a set of three stones at the other end. I have an Azalea planted behind a Ceanothus but off-centre to each other. This paired arrangement is found in both sections of the garden. Finally, I have singular features around the garden. The mound and adjoining maple are one (I hope to get a suitable stone ornament to place on the mound). The single Acacia is another and finally the bamboo residing at the back will become a 3 metre tall presence.

The completed garden viewed from the dojo doorway.

The completed garden looks out of balance with all the white stone (about 240 kg worth) but as the plants grow and get larger, I am confident the desired look will appear. Now all I have to do is wait.

Set of three stones standing watch at one end of the garden.

Holiday training comes to an end.

This posts comes at the end of the school holidays. Another three days of training are behind me covering tanto, sword and idori. Good times.

We covered defences against sword disarms, tanto disarms and then the Shoden idori set. It was good to get back into the groove over the last two weeks knowing that when the next term starts family and work will reduce my training significantly, again. That is the balance of family and work life and my children will only be young once so I need to make the most of it. 

Saturday morning training.

We have a steady group at the Hamilton Dojo and usually have five to six on the mat most days. This is good for working with different body types and with people at different places in their training. Personally, it was good to knock the dust off some of the kata I hadn't trained in a while and sharpen up the others that I know well. I have been working on timing, structure and adding an edge to the movements. I like the expressions 'grind the stone' and 'polish the mirror'. To me, the first expression means to remove the rough edges of my movements, get the basic patterns memorised and performed adequately through constant practise. The second expression means to work on the small things, refine my movements in an attempt to improve the exactness of technique. To do this requires paying attention to the slightest nuances of structure, kuzushi and timing. I have had the opportunity over the last two weeks to do a bit of both. Polishing the mirror also refers to having the right attitude. When I bow in front of the kamidana my image is reflected back at me by the kagami (mirror). This is a time for reflection on my practice and spirit. 

There is not much more to add right now. So until next time, happy training!

Holidays = budo!

It is the school holidays in NZ. For two weeks classes stop before the next term begins. As a school teacher, my time is more flexible (I still have work to do even though students are not attending) and my focus falls upon my training. I have started the school holidays with training three days in a row. TSYR training on Monday, teaching Aikido on Tuesday and then more TSYR training on Wednesday. Today I spent time on washing keikogi and sword maintenance.

Sword maintenance.

My focus on my training recently has been on keeping my shoulders rolled back and down. Also to keep my middle strong. Last night was one of those training sessions where I felt I have so much more to learn. It feels like the kata are getting harder and harder.

In my down time I am reading Musashi by Eiji Yoshikawa. I know, I know, I am a practitioner of Japanese martial arts and have never read this book. I tried once before but just couldn't get into it. The second time around I am finding it a better tale. I think going to Japan has helped me understand the book more and I can relate to it better. I have read Shogun by James Clavell years ago and enjoyed that immensely. However, that book was written by a British author with a Westerner's mindset. Musashi is written by a Japanese author with an Eastern mindset. This sets up a very different style of story telling.

I have also been listening to the Samurai Archives pod casts while driving to and from work. I highly recommend them for anyone wanting to know more about medieval Japan. The hosts are graduate students at the University of Hawaii and specialise in different aspects of Japanese history such as the Sengoku period, Edo period and so on.

Just for entertainment I have been watching episodes of Samurai Champloo as well. So you can say I am immersing myself in Japanese medieval culture these holidays.

Happy training!

Hidden In Plain Sight: Book Review

I have finally got around to reading Ellis Amdur's revised and expanded edition of Hidden In Plain Sight: Esoteric Power Training Within Japanese Martial Traditions. After all the hype this book has received in certain martial arts circles, my overall impression was less enthusiastic than I expected. 

Now, that is not to say there are sections of this book I enjoyed immensely and I will write about those. It just felt at times that Amdur was reaching in places to thicken this book about a topic that has a lot of hearsay and 'what ifs' surrounding it.

As with my other reviews I will work through chapter by chapter and please remember these are just my opinions - those of an amateur martial artist with a very limited exposure to Japanese culture. The act of writing this review lets me look at the book a second time with a different lens. Sometimes I discover or rediscover gems in the writing this way. 

The book contains 16 chapters split into four sections.

Section 1 - The Cultivation of Power.

Chapter 1: Physical Culture.

A dancer's skill, the lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer, herder's strength, wrestler's skill, farmer's strength. What links these ideas together are that they are all within the human capacity to produce. People create bodies designed to help them survive in whatever conditions society (or nature) place them. People get very good at these specialised endeavours, what then of warrior's strength and skill? If your survival depends on fighting or killing other humans then this requires another kind of body. Amdur digs into these ideas finishing with flow states and ascetic power.

Chapter 2: The Development of Specialized Martial Skill and Power.

Amdur lays down the idea in chapter one that older cultures have bodies already primed for fighting. What then is the type of power generated in the martial arts? The author looks into ambiguous terms such as qi and internal strength. I myself have to admit that I have been intrigued and excited about what these terms could mean for my martial practice. I think it very brave of Amdur to try and define these terms. Other skills in a warrior's toolbox are bracing strength, whipping strength, axle strength, and coiling strength. Read the book to find out how Amdur breaks down some important physical skills found in internal power traditions. What interested me the most in this chapter were his definitions of grasping smoke and listening skill. I have experienced first hand training with someone with these two skills and I thought the author explained them well. Finally he talks about gravity and the ground as two forces the martial artist has at his disposal to help amplify the power of techniques. I enjoyed the systematic approach to these skills and found this chapter very enjoyable to read and ponder. 

Chapter 3: Six Connections - Comprehensive Power Development.

Known also as the six harmonies in English speaking martial arts, What a topic to try and tackle! Amdur admits that were he to really do it justice he would write a whole book, rather than one chapter on the six connections. We now come to an idea where the body is used as a coordinated, connected unit. The six connections are broken down into three external connections (feet and hands, knees and elbows, hips and shoulders) and three internal connections (intent, breath and waist/dantien/tanden). Amdur equates the internal connections to essential power components of a car. Intent is the skilled driver, breath is the engine and waist is the gearing system that allows power and intent to get to the wheels, even help amplify it. 

Section 2 - Heaven And Earth Within Man.

Chapter 4: The Chinese Connection.

It is commonly known amongst historians that Chinese culture influenced early Japanese history. Amdur explores this from a martial artist's point of view by speculating that some sophisticated practices found in Japanese martial traditions may have been brought over from China at some point in history. Amdur reminds the reader that ryuha or bugei were codified combative practices studied primarily by the warrior-elite from the 14th century onwards. Therefore, they concentrate predominantly on individual combat and leadership. Over centuries of warfare most of the esoteric training methods such as Mikkyo (esoteric Buddhism), Taoism and Shinto were incorporated into the martial traditions. These esoteric practices have links to Chinese religious rituals that were then, in turn applied to combative purposes. Amdur states southern China as the main source of these practices. 

Chapter 5: Kito-ryu: Rising and Falling.

Amdur gives us more history lessons. The influence of Chinese martial arts became significant during the Edo period and the martial tradition of Kito-ryu features heavily. According to one record, three wandering samurai were taught grappling techniques from a Chinese scholar living in Japan. One of these men was the founder of Kito-ryu. Considering the founders of Kito-ryu were already capable grapplers and sumo existed, Amdur suspects that what these men learnt from the Chinese scholar were in fact internal power skills. 

Chapter 6: Yoshin-ryu: A Garden of Willows.

Amdur looks into another martial tradition with strong Chinese roots. Throughout this chapter Amdur looks at the stories and evidence that links Chinese internal martial arts to Yoshin-ryu and its off-shoots. Amdur references Tobin Threadgill Sensei in this chapter as he writes about Shindo Yoshin Ryu. As a student of TSYR I was interested to see what Amdur found useful or important to relation to this chapter. It was a good read.

Chapter 7: Tenjin Shinyo-ryu: Heaven and Man.

This chapter takes a look at a martial tradition that is an off shoot of the earlier Yoshin-ryu. Along with Kito-ryu, Tenjin Shinyo-ryu was studied by the founder of Judo. Ki development is discussed and Amdur states that the three principles of will, ki and power were common in many Japanese ryuha and links back to Chinese ideas. 

Chapter 8: What Happened To Jujutsu?

So the logical question to ask now is if the skills and methods of internal training were so common in the Edo period, why do they appear lost in today's modern budo?  Amdur places the blame squarely on Judo, or more correctly on its founder, Kano Jigoro. I won't go into the details here, Amdur puts a good argument forward as to why the popularity of Judo in Japan saw a decline in the internal skills that were documented in earlier times. 

Section 3 -  Daito-ryu: The Past is Future.

Chapter 9: Aizu Bujutsu: Takeda Sokaku's Birthright.

After speaking of the loss of training methods that develop internal power, Amdur now turns to Takeda Sokaku's skill and how this man in the 20th Century reintroduced a level of power in martial arts circles that people thought was lost. Where did Takeda get his Daito-ryu from? What made so many martial artists of the time go and train with him? This is an interesting chapter about martial arts in the Aizu domain and how they could have influenced what we now call Daito-ryu.

Chapter 10: Takeda Sokaku: Opening Our Eyes To True Budo.

Amdur dives into this chapter exploring Takeda's character, his relationship with his father and his early training in martial arts.

Chapter 11: The Heart of Aiki Is The Sword: Takeda Sokaku's Legacy.

Amdur discusses a period of Takeda's life that is largely unknown, about seventeen years where he must have travelled about. This was a time of the gekiken kogyo (free-style competitions) and Amdur assumes Takeda had the opportunity to learn a variety of styles or techniques as he wandered about. Dojo breaking was common so it is safe to assume Takeda may have done this. While 'collecting' techniques and principles, Amdur states that Takeda would still have had a base martial art from which he had a reference with the sword. This he names as Ono-ha Itto-ryu. 

Chapter 12: Aiki Nito Hiden.

Amdur discusses and speculates reasons behind Takeda adopting a one-handed sword style. I found this chapter tiresome and sometimes fruitless, I can see what Amdur was trying to do by linking some ideas back to internal power but this is one area where I think it is stretched a bit thin. Read it and decide for yourself. 

Section 4 -Aikido and Ueshiba Morihei: More Than A Martial Art & More Than A Martial Artist.

Chapter 13: Is The Heart Of Aikido The Sword?

OK, I have a background in Aikido training, I have also read many books on Aikido and the founder. I have also read Amdur's book, Duelling with O'Sensei so I was interested to see where this section would go. There is no doubt that Ueshiba was one of Takeda's best students and most of the world will now agree (despite what the Aikikai was saying back in the day) that Ueshiba's Aikido had roots in Daito-ryu. Takeda had the goods as far as internal power goes and its very likely Ueshiba did as well, however, Ueshiba was not formally taught weapons by Takeda as far as we know. Where did Ueshiba learn to use the spear, sword and staff? Amdur attempts to answer this question here.

Chapter 14: Aikido is Three Peaches. 

Amdur looks more into Ueshiba Morihei's thinking by breaking down a book of Morihei's private lectures between 1958 and 1961. Things get quite esoteric and vague in this chapter. Amdur attempts to interpret Ueshiba's quasi-religious jargon and mysticism as it relates to Aikido. This is a big challenge and even the author admits that he is not very fluent in modern written Japanese, let alone the classical forms. He does mention those who helped get through this information but notes that the opinions are all his own. It becomes apparent that Amdur believes part of Ueshiba's power was in his strict, almost spartan approach to his beliefs. Prayer and the gods played a vital role in Ueshiba's psyche and Amdur insists this was one part of the puzzle that gave Ueshiba his internal strength. 

Chapter 15: Hidden in Plain Sight.

Ah, here we are! At the very crux of it! Or are we? Amdur tries to get to the heart of Takeda's and Ueshiba's power by looking at eye-witness accounts of their abilities and what similarities their performance of their martial arts share. He talks about aiki and that it seems to have two aspects - a shocking electric force to one's opponent and the ability to cause the opponent to fall down without knowing how. Is Ueshiba's aiki the same as Takeda's?  Where did Takeda's teaching stop and Ueshiba's creative genius continue? This is a long chapter with many twists and turns. Good luck!

Chapter 16: Triangle, Circle, Square: How To Be O'Sensei In Sixteen Easy Steps.

This chapter starts by discussing the impact Ueshiba Kisshomaru had on modern aikido. Then the author talks about lost moments that students should have paid attention to to get the 'gold' on internal training. The rest of the chapter is a tongue-in-cheek approach on how to actually be O'Sensei. 

The book has a huge glossary so you can check up on Japanese terms used throughout the book. If you include this then the book sits at around 470 pages.

If you have read down this far then, good on you. Maybe you are ready for Amdur's book!

Happy training and/or reading.

Tengu

In my previous post I briefly mentioned a classical Japanese text about tengu, mythical creatures often depicted in mountain forests, mischievous masters of the martial arts. It is said that Takamura sensei had a fondness for tengu masks. This has lead to them being quite popular amongst TSYR practitioners so I thought I would write a discussion of them here. 

The large tengu head in Kurama village.

The area around Mount Kurama, north-west of Kyoto, is considered one of the primordial centers of Japanese combatives (Ellis Amdur, Old School). According to Threadgill sensei, a young Takamura Yukiyoshi was taken on a pilgrimage by his grandfather. They began at the base of Mount Kurama, walked up to the Yuki Jinja and then on to Kurama-dera near the summit. This area of Japan has a deep history concerning the famous mountain goblins. It is said that Minamoto no Yoshitsune was sent to Kurama-dera to be a priest. However, while staying on the mountain he encountered Sojobo, a tengu king. Sojobo was willing to teach Yoshitsune martial skills and strategy so he could defeat his enemies.

Whatever Takamura saw or heard while on his pilgrimage, it had a profound effect on him. Throughout the rest of his life he would return to Mount Kurama regularly until his death in 2000. Having been to this mountain myself I can vouch for the spiritual significance of the place. The walkway up to the Yuki shrine is bordered on either side by numerous smaller shrines. I would guess that the Yuki Jinja is about half way up the mountain. As you climb higher the steep forested mountainside is quiet and tranquil. More shrines are exposed as you climb the twisting path towards Kurama-dera. Eventually you step out upon the temple grounds. The buildings here are grand and the view over the countryside is magnificent. It is easy to see how a young Takamura would have been awed by the place. A smaller trail climbs higher past the temple until you reach the true summit of the mountain. Here resides a small shrine and a fenced off standing stone called the Yoshistune Sekurabe Ishi (Yoshistune Height-Comparing Rock). According to the legend, the young Yoshistune would measure his height while he was at Kurama being instructed by the tengu. 

Standing stone on the left of the shrine. 

Allow me to speculate somewhat at this point. Takamura's interest in tengu must surely have been encouraged by his grandfather's stories and his trek up Kuramayama. Considering the young man was living in an area that is responsible for many old martial traditions, the stories he heard over the years must have soaked into his psyche. I must talk with Threadgill sensei next time I see him and find out what other tales are told about this time of Takamura's life. 

Tengu come in more than one form. Sojobo is usually described as being dressed like a yamabushi, a Japanese mountain priest, with an unnaturally long nose and a white beard. However, this description is relatively recent in Japanese folklore. They are first mentioned in a classical Japanese text called the Nihon Shoki, written in 720, but its not until a collection of tales written in the late Heian period that the tengu are introduced as troublesome bird-like spirits. Known as kurasu tengu (crow tengu), these creatures are considered inferior to the daitengu (great tengu) who are said to be more knowledgeable, such as Sojobo. 

It appears that it is not until Yoshistune's tale that tengu are related with martial prowess and knowledge. Up until this time they were opponents of buddhism and mischeivous spirits that stole children and caused havoc (this is especially true of the lesser, bird-like tengu). 

It is my understanding that founders of some ryuha attributed their new found skills and principles to training with tengu in forested mountain regions. The region around Kuramayama is but one example of this. One founder, Nakata Hikozaemon named his school Kurama Yoshin-ryu to link it to the mountain where esoteric training took place. It is no coincidence that the art Takamura studied was Shindo Yoshin ryu, a composite of two jujutsu lineages, the Akiyama Yoshin-ryu line and the Nakamura Yoshin Ko-ryu line (T. Threadgill and S. Ohgami). He lived in an area of Japan well known for esoteric practices and these practices can be found in Yoshin Koryu lines. 

So now Threadgill sensei has carried on Takamura's tradition of collecting tengu masks. At hombu dojo, the visage of Sojobo peers over the entrance of the dojo. The rest of us do the same. In the Hamilton dojo where I train, two tengu keep an eye on practitioners. I even have a small red tengu face, brought all the way from Kurama village, to ward of evil spirits and judge the intent of those who walk onto my mats. 

Injuries and Walking with the Tengu.

Today's post is just an update post about where things are in my training.

In my first post of the year I wrote about an ongoing injury I have been trying to train through. It was an inflamed tendon in my leg that just wasn't healing. In fact, I ended my last two training sessions off the mat with an ice pack. So I reluctantly decided to take the first term of training off. I hadn't had an extended break from TSYR training for about eight years. It was the best thing I could have done. One term is about ten weeks and in this time I stopped all martial arts training (aikido included). I am now two weeks back into my training and my body is feeling strong and resilient and more importantly...pain free!

It is an important lesson for me. I have written about working around injuries in training before but I simply couldn't work around a leg injury - everything in budo requires your legs! It is also a lesson about getting older. I am over 40 and my body reminds me now and again that it needs treating with respect. I can't rip into activity like the twenty year old Dean used to do. I was also feeling a little jaded towards my training and the 10 weeks off kick-started my enthusiasm for budo. 

During my ten weeks away from the mat, my family spent 10 days in Japan (see previous post). To be immersed in a culture that my budo practice stems from affirmed a lot of things for me. This certainly rekindled my interest in my martial studies. I also discovered a new podcast to listen to. It is called Walking with the Tengu and you can have a listen for yourself here. This podcast is about exploring classical Chinese and Japanese texts for the modern martial artist. I have found these episodes to be engaging and thought provoking. The main text that is explored is a translation of "The Tengu's Discourse on the Martial Arts" by Issai Chozanshi. I own a copy of this book so it was interesting to hear another's opinion on the concepts written within. 

Ushiwakamaru (Minamoto no Yoshitsune) training with the tengu at Mt. Kurama.

So having been to Japan earlier this year and listening to podcasts on classical texts to and from work, my enthusiasm for my training has increased once more with a more resilient, reliable body to work with. 

Japanese Sojourn.

I have recently returned from my first trip to Japan. I spent ten days in the country and my first impressions of the land and people was very positive.

For years I have dreamt of going to Japan. I have studied Japanese Martial Arts since 2002 and have followed certain cultural customs in the dojo without having the full context of what I was doing or why. I had read about Japan, eaten the West's version of Japanese food and worn a keikogi and hakama. However, I had not immersed myself in the culture of the country...until now.

I had read differing stories about how the Japanese treat westerners, some stories spoke of subtle and deep-rooted racism, others spoke about having the best time of their lives over there. I went with an open mind and with great excitement. From a martial arts point of view I have heard that you can't truly experience koryu bujutsu without living in Japan. I have heard that this is not necessarily the case as well. Having been to Japan I now have a better understanding of why living in Japan would enhance some aspects of koryu training. However, the modern Japanese person does not train in this archaic pursuit anymore than a modern westerner. As mentioned by Threadgill sensei, Takamura sensei believed that modern Japanese culture is almost as divorced from Japanese feudal culture as is modern western culture, therefore the location of training is irrelevant. With this reasoning in mind, provided you have a good teacher that follows key cultural customs then it can probably be done outside of Japan. Being immersed in the culture, even for a short time like I was certainly helps though. 

The reason my family and I went to Japan was due to my wife, Ricci, and her research in physiology education. She had been asked to create a science poster of her results and present it at an international conference in Kobe, Japan. Of course, I said that if she is going to Japan, then I am coming as well. We had already discussed taking our two daughters overseas when they were eleven and eight which was this year. So very quickly we decided that Ricci's two day conference would turn into our family's ten day holiday.

We decided to do most of our holiday prior to the conference so we started in Tokyo and stayed two nights. We then took the shinkansen (bullet train) to Kyoto and spent three nights there. While in Kyoto we did a day trip to  Kurama. After Kyoto we went to Kobe for Ricci's conference and then we took an indirect route back to Tokyo via Fuefuki (near Kofu) for a night in a traditional Japanese room with onsen.

There were many highlights to the trip and the experiences exceeded my expectations. To actually see things and try things that I had read about for years was hugely satisfying and in some cases affirming. The walk up Mount Kurama was of particular significance as this is the same pilgrimage Takamura sensei would do on a regular basis over the years to pray at Yuki Shrine which is on this mountain.

Shrine Gate of Yuki Jinja

To pray at the same shrine as Takamura sensei was an honour and a privilege. The area is charged with energy and the day we went it was quiet and peaceful amongst the trees of the surrounding forest.

Near the top of the mountain is a large temple called Kurama-dera. Many smaller shrines can be found during the climb to the top and I also prayed at a shrine dedicated to a water kami right beside the main hall of the temple. It really is a spiritual experience climbing this mountain.

Kurama-dera main hall.

One thing that really became clear to me, beyond a mere theoretical stand point is how Buddhism and Shinto are so entwined in Japanese life. Even in the most densely populated urban areas of Tokyo, temples and shrines can be found alongside hyper modern buildings. In fact, the first shrine I prayed at was a very old shrine called Shiba-Daijinju shrine in Tokyo. At Atago shrine (also in Tokyo) we even had the luck to witness a Shinto wedding. Our guides said that was unusual as most Japanese get married with a christian ceremony.

The steep stairs are a famous feature of Atago Shrine.

The importance of bowing, the kamidana and the Japanese terms used in the dojo were put into context in Japan. It is a society built on politeness and rules as well as spiritual practises related to Shinto and Buddhism. Experiencing life in Japan (even for the short time that it was) made things I have been doing and thinking about in my martial arts practise fall into place like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. I feel proud to be carrying on these traditions in my own way in my small dojo here in Te Miro, NZ.

What was also very clear is that my martial practice follows a very old way of thinking. The traditional parts of Kyoto and Kurama village speak to my heart. It is here where I feel most at home. The modern Japanese landscape is a different experience altogether. 

The Japanese people are incredibly polite. Despite the large population density in the cities, we were never bumped or pushed in large crowds. We learned the Japanese phrases to greet people and say thank you. These phrases were very useful. 

I happened to be sitting next to another kiwi while travelling on the shinkansen and he lived in Japan ten years ago. He said the place had changed a lot in this time. When he lived in the country there was no English signage and hardly anyone spoke English. Japan wasn't interested in foreign tourism. However, since the bubble of their economy has burst they realised that the foreign tourist can support their economy and change began to make Japan more friendly to the western visitor.  I certainly felt welcomed as a tourist in Japan. 

It is a place I hope to travel back to some day.